Frequency Analysis of Pulse-Width Modulation on All-Digital Transmitters

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14209/jcis.2024.17

Keywords:

all-digital transmitters, pulse-width modulation, up-conversion, return-to-zero, FPGA

Abstract

This work investigates the frequency spectrum in the modulator and up-conversion outputs of a generic all-digital transmitter architecture. Considering the modulator is implemented as a pulse-width modulation (PWM), it is verified that this up-conversion process introduces a series of impulses resembling the spectrum of a return-to-zero (RZ) wave in addition to the PWM impulses. Simulations show that there is a minimum order of PWM where the impulses introduced are almost unnoticed, thus their influence is not distinguished from random background noise. To verify it experimentally, an all-digital transmitter is designed on a field-programmable gate array. Experimental results show that reducing power from PWM harmonics leads to a power increase in the RZ harmonics, and vice-versa. These harmonics power present an energy trade-off relation, a novelty demonstrated in this paper. Finally, but not least, it is observed that the process of filtering the carrier wave out causes a considerable amount of power to be lost.

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Author Biographies

Vinícius Corrêa Figueira, Universidade Federal Fluminense

Vinícius Corrêa Figueira acquired the bachelors degree in Telecommunications Engineering from the Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Brazil, 2023. His major interests are related to communication systems and FPGAs.

Tiago Ogioni Costalonga, Universidade Federal Fluminense

Tiago Ogioni Costalonga is a Brazilian Navy’s Officer, graduated in Electrical Engineering by Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), post-Graduated in Weapon Advance System by Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, and Master degree in Telecomunication Engineering by Universidade Federal Fluminense. His research interest include radar, robotics and computer programming.

Victor Fernandes, Universidade Federal Fluminense

Victor Fernandes received the D.Sc. degree in Electrical Engineering from the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Brazil, in 2021. Since 2021, He has been an Assistant Professor at the Department of Telecommunications Engineering at the Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Brazil. His research interests include signal processing, wireless communication, power line communication, energy harvesting, radar detection, and 5G.

Jorge Virgilio de Almeida, Polytechnique Montréal

Jorge Virgilio de Almeida received the D.Sc. degree in electrical engineering at the École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada. His current research interests include power amplifiers, metamaterials, near-field and far-field simultaneous wireless power and information transmission systems for massive Internet of Things (IoT), printed antennas, and seamless integration of circuits.

Tadeu Nagashima Ferreira, Universidade Federal Fluminense

Tadeu N. Ferreira He is a D.Sc. in Electrical Engineering at UFRJ in 2009, with a post-doc in UFRJ in 2010. Currently, he is an Associate Professor at UFF. He is the author of 21 articles published in journals. He has advised 1 doctorate thesis and 22 master dissertations.

Vanessa Przybylski Ribeiro Magri, Universidade Federal Fluminense

Vanessa Przybylski Ribeiro Magri Electrical Engineer with an emphasis on Telecommunications, she completed her D.Sc. degree at PUC-Rio in 2011. She completed her Post-Doctorate in a Project linked to the National Institute for Space Research (INPE), the National Institute of Science and Technology, CETUC-PUC-Rio and the National Institute of Space Technologies. She began her career as a professor at the Department of Telecommunications Engineering (TET) at UFF (Universidade Federal Fluminense) in 2013. She currently works as coordinator of LAPROP (UFF Antennas and Propagation Laboratory).

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Published

2024-10-12

How to Cite

Corrêa Figueira, V., Ogioni Costalonga, T., Fernandes, V., Virgilio de Almeida, J., Nagashima Ferreira, T., & Przybylski Ribeiro Magri, V. (2024). Frequency Analysis of Pulse-Width Modulation on All-Digital Transmitters. Journal of Communication and Information Systems, 39(1), 164–172. https://doi.org/10.14209/jcis.2024.17

Issue

Vol. 39 No. 1 (2024): Vol. 39 No. 1 (2024)

Section

Regular Papers

License

Copyright (c) 2024 Vinícius Corrêa Figueira, Tiago Ogioni Costalonga, Victor Fernandes, Jorge Virgilio de Almeida, Tadeu Nagashima Ferreira, Vanessa Przybylski Ribeiro Magri (Author)

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Received 2024-05-13
Accepted 2024-10-01
Published 2024-10-12