Mitigating the Impact of UAV Fluctuations on Air-to-Ground Wireless Communications in the Presence of Channel Aging

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14209/jcis.2024.15

Keywords:

channel aging, channel prediction, extended Kalman filter, uncrewed aerial vehicle, jittering

Abstract

Recent works have pointed out that uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) platform fluctuations due to jittering, wobbling and shaking degrade the performance of air-to-ground wireless systems. Similarly, recent works have shown that the air-to-ground wireless channel suffers from the effect of channel aging due to the high mobility of UAVs. Delays inherent to the network, high Doppler frequencies and hardware impairments accentuate this effect, as well as fluctuations in the UAV platform. Unfortunately, the literature still lacks appropriate channel models that take into account the influence of UAV fluctuations on the channel aging autocorrelation function, which is an essential requirement for channel prediction-based mitigation solutions. Therefore, in this paper, we develop autocorrelation functions that are appropriate for evaluating and mitigating the impact of UAV fluctuations on the performance of the air-to-ground channels. We demonstrate that the UAV fluctuations affect the time autocorrelation function of the channel, and consequently the coherence time, exacerbating the effects of channel aging. Furthermore, this effect is accentuated with an increasing distance between the antennas and the centroid of the UAV, and with increasing the carrier frequency. We propose a channel predictor based on an extended Kalman filter and develop autocorrelation functions to mitigate the impact of channel aging with UAV fluctuations on the spectral efficiency (SE). Then, we observe that considering statistical models of UAV fluctuations in the channel predictor design can improve SE.

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Author Biographies

Walter C. Freitas Jr., Universidade Federal do Ceará - GTEL

Walter C. Freitas Jr received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering from the Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil, and the Ph.D. ´ degree in teleinformatic engineering from the Federal University of Ceara, in 2006. During his studies, ´ he was supported by the Brazilian Agency FUNCAP and Ericsson. During Q3 of 2015 up to Q2 of 2016, he was a Postdoc Researcher with I3S/CNRS Laboratory, from the University of Nice, Sophia Antipolis, France. During 2005 Walter Freitas Jr. was a Senior Research of the Nokia Technology Institute. He is currently an Assistant Professor with the Department of Teleinformatics Engineering of the Federal University of Ceara and Researcher of Wireless ´ Telecom Research Group one of the most important research groups in telecommunication in Brazil. His main research interests include features development to improve the performance of the wireless communication systems, interference avoidance tools, multilinear algebra, and tensor-based signal processing applied to communications.

Yuri C. B. Silva, Universidade Federal do Ceará - GTEL

Yuri C. B. Silva received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in electrical engineering from the Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil, in 2002 and ´ 2004, respectively, and the Dr.-Ing. degree in electrical engineering from the Technische Universitt Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany, in 2008. From 2001 to 2004 he was with the Wireless Telecom Research Group (GTEL), Fortaleza, Brazil. In 2003 he was a Visiting Researcher at Ericsson Research, Stockholm, Sweden. From 2005 to 2008, he was with the Communications Engineering Laboratory of the Technische Universitt Darmstadt. He is currently an Associate Professor with the Federal University of Ceara and Researcher at GTEL. He also holds ´ a productivity fellowship in technological development and innovation from CNPq. His main research interests include wireless communications systems, multi-antenna processing, interference management, multicast services, and cooperative communications.

Roberto P. Antonioli, Universidade Federal do Ceará - GTEL

Roberto P. Antonioli received the B.Sc. degree in teleinformatics engineering (magna cum laude) from
the Federal University of Ceara (UFC), Fortaleza, ´Brazil, in 2016, and the M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in
teleinformatics engineering also from UFC in 2017 and 2020, respectively. He currently holds a Postdoc. position with the Wireless Telecom Research Group (GTEL), UFC, where he works on projects
in technical and scientific cooperation with Ericsson Research. He is also a Software Developer with
Instituto Atlantico, Fortaleza, Brazil. In 2018/2019, ˆhe was a Visiting Researcher with Ericsson Research, Sweden. His research interests include 5G wireless communication networks with multiple radio
access technologies and multi-connectivity, and also scheduling algorithms for QoS provision.

Gabor Fodor, Ericsson AB and KTH Royal Institute of Technology

Gabor Fodor ´ (Senior Member, IEEE) received the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary, in 1998, the Docent degree from the KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, in 2017, and the D.Sc. degree from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Doctor of MTA), Budapest, in 2019. He is currently a Master Researcher with Ericsson Research and an Adjunct Professor with the KTH Royal Institute of Technology. He has authored or coauthored more than 100 refereed journal articles and conference papers and seven book chapters and holds more than 100 European and U.S.-granted patents. From 2017 to 2020, he was a member of the board of the IEEE Sweden Joint Communications, Information Theory, and Vehicle Technology Chapter. He was a co-recipient of the IEEE Communications Society Stephen O. Rice Prize in 2018 and the Best Student Conference Paper Award from the IEEE Sweden VT/COM/IT Chapter in 2018. He has served as the Chair of the Full-Duplex Emerging Technology Initiative of the IEEE Communications Society from 2019 to 2021. He is currently serving as an Editor for IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications and IEEE Wireless Communications.

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Published

2024-09-26

How to Cite

Lima Paiva, A. R., Freitas Júnior, W. da C., Barbosa Silva, Y. C., Pinto Antonioli, R., & Fodor, G. (2024). Mitigating the Impact of UAV Fluctuations on Air-to-Ground Wireless Communications in the Presence of Channel Aging. Journal of Communication and Information Systems, 39(1), 147–159. https://doi.org/10.14209/jcis.2024.15

Issue

Vol. 39 No. 1 (2024): Vol. 39 No. 1 (2024)

Section

Regular Papers

License

Copyright (c) 2024 Antonio Regilane Lima Paiva, Walter C. Freitas Jr., Yuri C. B. Silva, Roberto P. Antonioli, Gabor Fodor (Author)

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Received 2023-12-15
Accepted 2024-09-17
Published 2024-09-26

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