Ground-Reflection Analytical Approach for Horizontally Variable Refractive Index Condition

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14209/jcis.2025.4

Keywords:

ray tracing, multipath analytical approach, horizontally variable refractivity, ground-reflection

Abstract

An innovative formulation, intended by the authors, for the calculation and analysis of ground-reflection of ray paths under conditions of horizontally variable refractivity, is introduced in this letter. The deduced formulation is incorporated within a modified Ray Tracing (RT) technique that considers atmospheric refractivity effect in radiopropagation modeling. Canonical tests were carried out, where the proposed analytical solution was applied to predict coverage in a long-distance scenario that assumed different configurations of horizontally stratified refractivity changes along the investigated environment. The results achieved were confronted with the numerical solution of the Split-Step Fourier Parabolic Equation (SSPE) at 10 GHz. It was possible to observe that the results obtained from a modified RT with horizontally variable refractive and the SSPE method have a similar behavior when estimating the received power. These innovations contribute to the development of algorithms for modeling and analyzing wireless networks in more realistic environments.

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Author Biographies

Diego Andres Parada Rozo, Universidade Federal de Lavras

Adjunct Professor at the Institute of Science, Technology, and Innovation (ICTIN) of the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA) - São Sebastião do Paraíso Campus. He holds a degree in Electronic Engineering from the Francisco de Paula Santander University (UFPS), Cúcuta, Colombia (2015); the title was revalidated in Brazil as an Electrical Engineer by the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG). He holds a master's degree in Electrical Engineering from UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (2018), and a PhD in Electrical Engineering from UFMG (2023). He has experience in Electrical Engineering, with emphasis on Electromagnetic Theory, Microwaves, Wave Propagation, Antennas and Telecommunications Systems. In 2021, he served as leader of the research group in Business Development, Technology, Innovation and Sustainability (DETIS) at the Technological Center of Cúcuta, Colombia. Between 2021 and 2023, he worked as a substitute professor at the Instituto Federal do Sul de Minas Gerais (IFSULDEMINAS) Campus Inconfidentes. Currently, his research and innovation projects are focused on the development of techniques for characterizing the radio channel in 5G and future 6G networks, RFID systems, Smart Cities, as well as wireless sensor networks and IoT applied to digital agriculture.

Dinael Guevara, Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander

Professor of the Department of Electricity and Electronics at the Francisco de Paula Santander University, Cúcuta, Colombia.

Alexandre Rocha, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

PhD in Electrical Engineering from the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG).

Diego Tami, Universidade Federal de Itajubá

Graduation in Electronic Engineering (telecomunication area, 2013) from Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander (UFPS), Cúcuta, Colômbia. PhD and Master's in Electric Engineering (Computer Engineering, Communication and Computation area) from Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil. He has experience in experimental and computational research focused in eletromagnetic theory, electronic and telecommunication system, propagation, antennas and radio-channel modeling, microwave devices and near-field microscopy. Highly motivated person with excellent theoretical and empirical understanding of electromagnetic analysis. He is currently professor at the Federal University of Itajubá (UNIFEI), Itabira, Brazil.

Cássio G. Rego, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Associate Professor of the Department of Electronic Engineering at the Federal University of Minas Gerais.

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Published

2025-07-07

How to Cite

Parada Rozo, D. A., Guevara, D., Rocha, A., Tami, D., & G. Rego, C. (2025). Ground-Reflection Analytical Approach for Horizontally Variable Refractive Index Condition. Journal of Communication and Information Systems, 40(1), 31–35. https://doi.org/10.14209/jcis.2025.4

Issue

Vol. 40 No. 1 (2025)

Section

Letters

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Diego Andres Parada Rozo, Dinael Guevara, Alexandre Rocha, Diego Tami, Cássio G. Rego (Author)

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Received 2024-09-10
Accepted 2025-07-01
Published 2025-07-07